The series of discussions on the definition and usage of "sex" and "gender" in national policies in Taiwan initiated by NGOs at the Review and Presentation of the ROC (Taiwan) CEDAW 3rd National Report in July, 2018 was conducted in the following order.
But the wording was too vague for people to understand. (I witnessed the cofusion at official meetings.)
CEDAW 第4次國家報告座談會會議紀錄(第2輪第2場) (含民間團體會後書面意見摘要)
消歧公約第三次報告國際審查委員會有關"生理性別"及"社會性別"之討論過程
CEDAW 第4次國家報告座談會會議紀錄(第2輪第2場) (含民間團體會後書面意見摘要)
場次：■7/16下午 □7/17上午 □ 7/17下午 2018
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CEDAW: Article 3
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Issue: Definitions of
Sex/ Gender (and Equality)
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一、英文
Dear
committees,
In
represent of my own and other three Associations, I would like to talk about
the issue of definitions.
There
are no clear definitions of sex/gender in our laws (the Enforcement Act of
CEDAW and the Gender Equity Education Act), and they are confusing in the
policies. Partly because both sex and gender are translated as the same
Chinese term "性別"。Without clear definitions, it initiates a
misdirecting progress.
At
first, the terms in our legal documents are in accordance with the UN
definition-(Sex means women/men, gender means female/male). However, the
definition was latter expanded and shifted to multi-sexes and multi-gender (多元性別），and in the
end, it becomes the synonym of LGBT.
"Women"
simply disappeared! It ends up with ignoring women in the
policies.
For
example:
1.The theme of
photo competition on "Seeing gender diversity" were restricted to
LGBT. Women are not included.
2.In the
Government supported radio program Gender Equality Eazy Go, LGBT topics are
about doubled than the Women topics.
3.In the
universities, all Women study were renamed as Multi-gender study.
Women are no
longer the focus of gender equality policy or education, it's replaced by
LGBT. Many women's issues are now ignored.
Therefore, we
suggest that:
1.There should
be clear definitions of sex/gender in the laws, and they should be consistent
with UN CEDAW.
2.All the laws
should include clear definitions of gender as female and male (woman &
men), and distinguishing them from sexual orientation or gender
identity.
3.Sex should be
translated as 「性別」- as it is
showed on our ID and Passport. And, gender should be translated in a
different term, as「社會性別」.
4.Stop using the
confusing term-多元性別 (multi-gender) in all legal documents.
Delete Article 2 in the Gender Equity Education Act.
5.Follow UN's
suggestion, the Gender Equity Education Act should be corrected as Gender
"Equality" education Act.
6.The factors
for intersectional discrimination, including religion or belief, race,
ethnicity, health, age, status, class, should also be included in the law to
ensure that all women are equally treated.
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場次：■7/16下午 □7/17上午 □ 7/17下午 2018
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關切議題（Issue): CEDAW第三條：關於性別定義
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二、中文
委員好：
我代表中華兒少愛滋關懷防治協會發言，我們有三個協會都關注到性別定義的議題。
在CEDAW國內施行法以及性別平等教育法當中，性別定義是令人混淆的。因為英文文件當中的Gender以及Sex都使用同一個中文詞“性別”做翻譯，因此產生混淆。缺乏明確的定義，將導致錯誤的性別觀念與錯誤的政策方向。
原本我國法律中的性別定義跟聯合國CEDAW的定義是相同的，但是後來性別的定義被擴張成為「多元性別」，甚至多元性別成了LGBTQ的同義詞。
舉例來說：
1. 行政院所舉辦的多元的性別攝影比賽，比賽主題與方向限定為LGBTQ。女人根本被排除在外。
2. 政府經費支持的電台節目性別平等Easy go節目中，與LGBTQ相關的話題是女性的兩倍。
3.大專院校原本名為婦女研究的計畫或是課程，被迫更名為性別研究課程。
女性不見了，而女性的權益因為定義寬鬆而無法被完全的保障。
所以，我們建議：
1. 在法律條文中明確定義Sex與Gender的不同，並且符合聯合國CEDAW以生理性別（男女）為基礎。
2. CEDAW國內施行法以及性別平等教育法及所有法令應該清楚的定義Sex 以及Gender，並與性傾向及性別認同加以區別。
3. Sex應該翻譯成「性別」─與我國身份證及護照上的翻譯一致。而Gender翻譯成「社會性別」。
4. 不要再使用多元性別一詞，刪除性平法第二條。避免繼續造成混淆
5. 性別平等教育的英文名（Gender Equity
Education Act）應該更名為 Gender
Equality Education Act，以符合聯合國委員對於法律達到實質平等的要求。
6. 將其他會造成交叉歧視的要素，例如種族、部落、宗教或是信仰、健康、社經地位以及年紀等條件都納入性別平等教育法案中。
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(2)
Recommendations of the CEDAW International Review Committee to the government 2018/07/20
Meaning and use of the terms “sex” and “gender”10. The IRC is concerned with the inappropriate conceptual and practical use of the terms “sex” and “gender” in Taiwan. In the CEDAW jurisprudence the Convention refers to sexbased discrimination, but also covers gender-based discrimination against women. The term “sex” refers to biological differences between men and women. The term “gender” refers to socially constructed identities, attributes and roles for women and men and society’s social and cultural meaning for these biological differences resulting in hierarchical relationships between women and men and in the distribution of power and rights favoring men and disadvantaging women.
11. The IRC recommends the Government to align all the legislative texts and policy documents and promote the correct and consistent understanding of the terms “sex” and “gender” in line with CEDAW Convention and the Committee’s General Recommendation No. 28.
消歧公約國際審查委員會對政府的建議2018/07/20 (官方中譯)
「性」與「性別」的意義與運用
10. 審查委員會關切「性」（sex）與「性別」（gender）二詞在概念上與實際上的不 當運用。在 CEDAW 法理中，公約提及基於性的歧視，但亦涵蓋對女性基於性別 的歧視。「性」意指男女生理上的差異；「性別」意指社會建構的男女身分、歸屬 和角色，以及社會賦予這些生理差異的社會文化意義，導致男女之間的階層關係以 及權力和權利的分配有利於男性而不利於女性。
11. 審查委員會建議臺灣政府 審查委員會建議臺灣政府依照 CEDAW 和 CEDAW委員會第28號一般性建議統 號一般性建議統 一所有法律和政策文件用詞， 一所有法律和政策文件用詞，並促進對「性」與「性別」正確、一致之認知。
The major points made in this meeting:
以下為性平會發給各政府單位的檢視原則:
中文 | 英文 |
性別 | Gender |
性傾向 | Sexual orientation |
性侵害 | Sexual assault |
性騷擾 | Sexual harassment |
性霸凌 | Sexual bullying |
性別認同 | Gender identity |
性別特質 | Gender traits |
性別歧視 | Gender discrimination |
Neither gender should occupy less than one-third of the seats of the committee/commission |
(4) My letter to the Executive Yuan
yenlin ku 2019/07/20
A. I point out that the Chinese translation of the recommendations left out the very important words "in Taiwan". "The inappropriate conceptual and practical use of the terms 'sex' and 'gender' "actually takes place here in Taiwan and needs to be addressed.
B.The instructions sent out by the Executive Yuan were so vague that most officials failed to understand its meanings.
收件人：羅政務委員秉成、性平處吳處長秀貞、勞動部林常務次長三貴
送件人：顧燕翎
主旨：有關 第3 次國家報告（審查委員會結論性意見與建議第）1011-00-02、序號2、點次10及11）國際委員指出之重要名詞誤用
說明：
審查委員會建議台灣政府根據消歧公約的條文以及委員會第28號一般性建議，校正所有法律和政策文件用詞，提升對「生理性別」(sex)與「社會性別」(gender)這兩個名詞正確、一致之理解。
附原文：
(5) Reply from the Executive Yuan 2019/07/29
They will convene a meeting to discuss this issue.(5) 行政院性平處的回覆
| Mon, 29 Jul 2019 09:56:00 |
編號 | 中文 | 英文 | 審議結論 |
1 | 性別 | Gender | gender (心理性別/社會性別) sex (生理性別) |
2 | 性傾向 | Sexual orientation | sexual orientation |
3 | 性侵害 | Sexual assault | sexual assault |
4 | 性騷擾 | Sexual harassment | sexual harassment |
5 | 性霸凌 | Sexual bullying | sexual bullying |
6 | 性別認同 | Gender identity | gender identity |
7 | 性別特質 | Gender traits | sex trait(s)/characteristic(s) (生理) gender trait(s) /characteristic(s) (心理) |
8 | 性別歧視 | Gender discrimination | sex-based discrimination; sex discrimination (對生理性別的歧視) gender-based discrimination; gender discrimination (對心理/社會性別的歧視) |
9 | 任一性別[1]人數(代表)不得少於三分之一 | Neither gender should occupy less than one-third of the seats of the committee/commission | Members of each sex shall constitute no less than one-third of the membership of the committee/commission. |
2021/01/16
Dear All,
As the fruit of several hours of research, here are my preliminary comments re the ‘sex’ and ‘gender’ discussion:
First, it is notable that the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) does not use the term ‘gender’ at all. In Article 1, it defines ‘discrimination’ as “any distinction, exclusion or restriction made on the basis of sex …” In Article 5, it calls for the elimination of prejudices and practices “which are based on the idea of the superiority or inferiority of either of the sexes …” All of its other provisions refer to ‘men’ and ‘women’, avoiding the use of ‘sex’, ‘sexes’ and ‘gender’.
General Recommendation No. 28 of CEDAW’s Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Woman repeatedly refers to the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women “on the basis of sex and gender” – thus stressing the distinction between ‘sex’ and ‘gender’ in this context. This distinction is highlighted by the call on states to take steps to achieve “sex non-discrimination and gender equality in practice” – i.e., no discrimination on the basis of biological sex, and equality in respect of gender identity. To clarify this distinction, the report states as follows:
Although the Convention only refers to sex-based discrimination, interpreting article 1 together with articles 2 (f) and 5 (a) indicates that the Convention covers gender-based discrimination against women. The term ‘sex’ here refers to biological differences between men and women. The term ‘gender’ refers to socially constructed identities, attributes and roles for women and men and society’s social and cultural meaning for these biological differences resulting in hierarchical relationships between women and men and in the distribution of power and rights favouring men and disadvantaging women.
This subject was helpfully examined by the European Network of Legal Experts in Gender Equality and Non-discrimination, whose report titled Gender Equality Law in Europe was published by the European Commission in January 2019. On page 10 of this report, under the subheading of “Sex/gender/transgender”, it states:
EU law does not provide definitions of the concepts of ‘sex’, ‘gender’ and ‘transgender’, and does not distinguish clearly between sex and gender. Similarly, very few countries define the concepts of ‘sex’, ‘gender’ and/or ‘transgender’ in their legislation. Finland, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, and Sweden are exceptions. In the Finnish Act on Equality Between Men and Women, a new subsection defines what is meant by gender identity and expression of gender. Article 10 of the Serbian Gender Equality Act defines both sex and gender: ‘sex’ relates to biological features of a person, while ‘gender’ means socially established roles, position and status of women and men in public and private lives from which, due to social, cultural and historic differences, discrimination ensues on the basis of biologically belonging to a sex. Romania recently (2015) introduced definitions of sex and gender, as well as ‘gender stereotypes’ in its Gender Equality Law, whereby gender is understood to mean the combination of roles, behaviours, features and activities that society considers to be appropriate for women and men. In Sweden, the Discrimination Act defines sex as the fact “that someone is a woman or a man.” Maltese law includes definitions of ‘gender expression’ and ‘gender identity’.
In light of these authorities, I would suggest:
1. Strictly speaking, 性別 should be translated as ‘sex’ rather than ‘gender’, even though both terms are commonly used interchangeably in English-speaking countries, with ‘gender’ having perhaps already become more commonly used than ‘sex’ for indicating whether one is male or female. [Note: According to Wikipedia, the use of ‘gender’ in place of ‘sex’ as a biological classification can be traced to the 1980s, officially adopted in 1993 when the US Food and Drug Administration started to use ‘gender’ instead of ‘sex’; however, in 2011, the FDA reversed its position and began using ‘sex’ as the biological classification and ‘gender’ as “a person’s self representation as male or female, or how that person is responded to by social institutions based on the individual’s gender presentation.”]
2. To cover the situation of those whose biological sex is not definitively male or female, or who do not identify with their birth sex, or who are undergoing or have undergone transition, 性別認同 should be translated as ‘gender identity’, since the identification is more with the construct of gender than with the biological fact of sex. This also allows for identification as gender neutral.
3. I’d say that 性別特質 might be translated as either ‘sex trait(s)’ or ‘gender trait(s)’ since it could refer to trait(s) of either biological sex or gender construct.
4. 性別歧視 might be translated as both ‘sex discrimination’ and ‘gender discrimination’ (or ‘sex-based discrimination’ and ‘gender-based discrimination’, as used in the above-cited General Recommendation No. 28).
5. 性傾向， 性侵害， 性騷擾 and 性霸凌 are appropriately translated, respectively, as ‘sexual orientation’, ‘sexual assault’, ‘sexual harassment’ and ‘sexual bullying’, since they refer to sexual behavior rather than maleness versus femaleness.
6. 任一性別人數（代表）不得少雨三分之一 should be translated as “Members of each sex shall occupy no less than one third of the seats of the committee/commission” or “Members of each sex shall constitute no less than one-third of the membership of the committee/commission.” (Note: In laws and regulations, 應 and 不得 should be translated respectively as ‘shall’ and ‘shall not’ rather than ‘should’ or ‘should not’, since they are prescriptive rather than suggestive.)
Peter
(6)「性」與「性別」英文用詞專家學者諮詢小組會議紀錄 Minutes of the Second Expert Meeting on the Usage of Sex and Gender Called by the Executive Yuan
壹、 時間：110年1月22日（星期五）下午2時
貳、 地點：本院第七會議室
參、 主持人：吳處長秀貞 紀錄：蔡宏富
肆、 出(列)席人員：詳如簽到表
伍、 主席致詞：略。
陸、 報告事項：略。
柒、 討論案：
第1案：我國法律和政策文件用詞有關「性」與「性別」之英文用詞檢視結果之其他疑義，請討論案。
決議：
一、 有關中文「性別」之英譯無法統一翻譯為sex或gender，應視法律內容脈絡判斷。至有關委員所提總統副總統選舉罷免法等疑義，併於討論案第2案就各相關法規內容討論。
二、 有關任一性別人數(代表)不得少於三分之一之英譯，維持現行性平處提供之CEDAW第3次國家報告結論性意見與建議第10點及第11點有關「性」與「性別」英文檢視原則內容版本，未來因應性別內涵之進程再作不同英譯處理考量。另刪除該檢視原則之註釋2文字。
[[1] 包含性別比例、任一性別、單一性別比例、任一性別比例、任一性別人數等文字。
第2案：有關各部會依本處提供英文(譯)之檢視原則辦理法規檢視作業之結果，請討論案。
決議：
一、 法規涉及須提供個人資料記載「性別」者，基於不同國家證件之性別英譯可能為sex或gender，爰該類法規之「性別」英譯為sex/gender，以利實務運作順暢。
二、 專家學者其他修正建議彙整如附件，並由性平處另函請相關部會依本次會議決議再行修正。
捌、 散會。（下午5時15分）
法規之性與性別英譯檢視結果之專家學者檢視意見
目錄
一、 財政部....................................... 2
二、 原住民族委員會............................... 7
三、 行政院農業委員會............................. 9
四、 內政部...................................... 12
五、 衛生福利部.................................. 17
六、 法務部...................................... 25
七、 勞動部...................................... 29
八、 僑務委員會.................................. 34
九、 金融監督管理委員會.......................... 35
十、 文化部...................................... 39
十一、 教育部.................................... 42
十二、 交通部.................................... 43
一、 財政部
序號 | 中文法律名稱及其條項款目 | 現行中文內容 | 現行英文內容 | 修正後英文內容 | 專家學者檢視意見 |
1 | 稅捐稽徵法施行細則第11條第2項第1款 | 前項復查申請書應載明下列事項，由申請人簽名或蓋章： 一、申請人之姓名、出生年月日、性別、身分證明文件字號、住、居所。如係法人或其他設有管理人或代表人之團體，其名稱、事務所或營業所及管理人或代表人之姓名、出生年月日、性別、住、居所。有代理人者，其姓名、出生年月日、性別、身分證明文件字號、住、居所及代理人證明文件。 | The application for re-check filed according to the preceding Paragraph shall contain the following particulars and shall be duly signed by or affixed with the seal of the applicant: 1.The name, date of birth, sex, personal identity number, address of residence or domicile of the applicant; if the applicant is a juristic person or any other form of organization with a manager or representative, the address of the business office or business place thereof, and the name, date of birth, sex, address of the residence or domicile of the manager or representative. If there is an agent, the name, date of birth, sex, address of the residence or domicile of the agent and evidentiary document stating the authority of the agent; | The application for re-check filed according to the preceding Paragraph shall contain the following particulars and shall be duly signed by or affixed with the seal of the applicant: 1.The name, date of birth, gender, personal identity number, address of residence or domicile of the applicant; if the applicant is a juristic person or any other form of organization with a manager or representative, the address of the business office or business place thereof, and the name, date of birth, gender, address of the residence or domicile of the manager or representative. If there is an agent, the name, date of birth, gender, address of the residence or domicile of the agent and evidentiary document stating the authority of the agent; | 涉及個人資料之「性別」記載或載明部分，基於不同國家證件之性別英譯可能為sex或gender，爰建議英譯為sex/gender。 |
2 | 記帳士法第11條 | 主管機關應備置記帳士名簿，載明下列事項： 一、姓名、性別、出生年、月、日、國民身分證統一編號、住址、學歷及經歷。 二、記帳士證書字號。 三、執行業務區域。 四、事務所名稱、地址及電話。 五、開業日期。 六、曾否受過懲戒。 | The competent authorities shall establish and maintain a register of registered certified public bookkeepers, containing the following particulars: 1.the name, sex, date of birth, national identity number, domicile address, education and employment backgrounds of each certified public bookkeeper; 2.the serial number of the certificate of certified public bookkeeper of each certified public bookkeeper; 3.the authorized territory for providing professional services by each certified public bookkeeper; 4.the title, address and telephone number of the office of each certified public bookkeeper; 5.the commencement date of operation of the office of each certified public bookkeeper; and 6.the record(s) of disciplinary measures taken against each certified public bookkeeper, if any. | The competent authorities shall establish and maintain a register of registered certified public bookkeepers, containing the following particulars: 1.the name, gender, date of birth, national identity number, domicile address, education and employment backgrounds of each certified public bookkeeper; 2.the serial number of the certificate of certified public bookkeeper of each certified public bookkeeper; 3.the authorized territory for providing professional services by each certified public bookkeeper; 4.the title, address and telephone number of the office of each certified public bookkeeper; 5.the commencement date of operation of the office of each certified public bookkeeper; and 6.the record(s) of disciplinary measures taken against each certified public bookkeeper, if any. | 涉及個人資料之「性別」記載或載明部分，基於不同國家證件之性別英譯可能為sex或gender，爰建議英譯為sex/gender。 |
3 | 報關業設置管理辦法第17條第2項 | 專責報關人員執行業務，應由其服務之報關業檢具專責報關人員考試及格證書或資格測驗合格證書，向所在地海關辦理登記並申請核發報關證；申請書應載明下列事項： | The customs broker employer of the customs clearance agent should submit the special qualification examination or qualifying test certificates of the customs clearance agent to the customs office, thereby facilitating the registration of the customs clearance agent and the application of his/her customs broker identification card. The application form should clearly state the following information: | The customs broker employer of the customs clearance agent should submit the special qualification examination or qualifying test certificates of the customs clearance agent to the customs office, thereby facilitating the registration of the customs clearance agent and the application of his/her customs broker identification card. The application form should clearly state the following information: | 涉及個人資料之「性別」記載或載明部分，基於不同國家證件之性別英譯可能為sex或gender，爰建議英譯為sex/gender。 |
二、 原住民族委員會
序號 | 中文法律名稱及其條項款目 | 現行中文內容 | 現行英文內容 | 修正後英文內容 | 專家學者檢視意見 |
1 | 《原住民族語言發展法》第4條 | 中央及地方主管機關應以首長為召集人，定期邀集學者專家、原住民族代表及有關機關代表，審議、諮詢及推動原住民族語言發展政策事項。 前項原住民族代表，在中央主管機關各族應至少一名，在地方主管機關具原住民設籍人口之民族應至少一名；且原住民族代表不得少於代表總人數三分之二；單一性別比例不得少於三分之一。 | The chief minister of the central and local competent authority shall serve as the convener, who shall congregate scholars, experts, indigenous representatives, and representatives of relevant agencies, deliberate, consult and promote the policies of indigenous language development on a regular basis. The indigenous representatives specified in the preceding item shall include at least one from each ethnic group in the central competent authority and at least one in local competent authority from the ethnic groups of the domiciliary indigenous population. The indigenous representatives shall not be less than two-thirds of the total number of representatives, and the single-sex ratio shall not be less than one-third. | The chief minister of the central and local competent authority shall serve as the convener, who shall congregate scholars, experts, indigenous representatives, and representatives of relevant agencies, deliberate, consult and promote the policies of indigenous language development on a regular basis. The indigenous representatives specified in the preceding item shall include at least one from each ethnic group in the central competent authority and at least one in local competent authority from the ethnic groups of the domiciliary indigenous population. The indigenous representatives shall not be less than two-thirds of the total number of representatives, and the single-gender ratio shall not be less than one-third. | 有關「單一性別比例不得少於三分之一」之全句英譯，目前暫以性平處前所提供之檢視原則建議文字修正，未來因應性別內涵之進程再作不同英譯處理考量。 |
三、 行政院農業委員會
序號 | 中文法律名稱及其條項款目 | 現行中文內容 | 現行英文內容 | 修正後英文內容 | 專家學者檢視意見 |
1 | 獸醫師法施行細則第3條第2款 | 中央主管機關應置獸醫師及獸醫佐證書登記簿，記載下列事項： 二、獸醫師或獸醫佐姓名、國民身分證統一編號、性別、出生年月日、戶籍及通訊地址。 | The central competent authority shall keep a register each for veterinarian certificate and veterinary aide certificate. The register shall record the following information: 2. Name, ID number, sexes, birth date, domicile and contact address of veterinarian or veterinary aide. | The central competent authority shall keep a register each for veterinarian certificate and veterinary aide certificate. The register shall record the following information: 2. Name, ID number, gender, birth date, domicile and contact address of veterinarian or veterinary aide. | 涉及個人資料之「性別」記載或載明部分，基於不同國家證件之性別英譯可能為sex或gender，爰建議英譯為sex/gender。 |
2 | 獸醫師法施行細則第5條第2款 | 直轄市、縣（市）主管機關應置執業執照登記簿，記載下列事項： 二、獸醫師或獸醫佐姓名、國民身分證統一編號、性別、出生年月日。 | The municipal or county (city) competent authority shall keep a register for practice license containing the following information: 2. Name, ID number, sexes and birth date of applying veterinarian or veterinary aide. | The municipal or county (city) competent authority shall keep a register for practice license containing the following information: 2. Name, ID number, gender and birth date of applying veterinarian or veterinary aide. | 涉及個人資料之「性別」記載或載明部分，基於不同國家證件之性別英譯可能為sex或gender，爰建議英譯為sex/gender。 |
3 | 獸醫師法施行細則第13條第2款、第5款 | 直轄市、縣（市）主管機關應置開業執照登記簿，記載下列事項： 二、負責獸醫師或獸醫佐姓名、國民身分證統一編號、性別、出生年月日。 五、公立獸醫診療機構代表人之姓名、國民身分證統一編號、性別、出生年月日。 | The municipal or county (city) competent authority shall keep a register for opening permit, and record the following: 2. Name, ID number, sex, birth date of the responsible veterinarian or veterinary aide 5. Name, ID number, sex, birth date of representatives of the public veterinary medical institution. | The municipal or county (city) competent authority shall keep a register for opening permit, and record the following: 2. Name, ID number, gender, birth date of the responsible veterinarian or veterinary aide 5. Name, ID number, gender, birth date of representatives of the public veterinary medical institution. | 涉及個人資料之「性別」記載或載明部分，基於不同國家證件之性別英譯可能為sex或gender，爰建議英譯為sex/gender。 |
4 | 野生動物保育法施行細則第19條第2項第1款 | 許可證應記載下列事項： 一、姓名、性別、出生年月日、國籍、戶籍地址及聯絡地址、身分證明文件或護照號碼。 | The permit shall include the following information: 1.Name, sex, date of birth, nationality, permanent address and contact address, and identification card or passport number; | The permit shall include the following information: 1.Name,gender,date of birth, nationality, permanent address and contact address, and identification card or passport number; | 涉及個人資料之「性別」記載或載明部分，基於不同國家證件之性別英譯可能為sex或gender，爰建議英譯為sex/gender。 |
四、 內政部
序號 | 中文法律名稱及其條項款目 | 現行中文內容 | 現行英文內容 | 修正後英文內容 | 專家學者檢視意見 |
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1 | 總統副總統選舉罷免法第16條第1項 | 選舉人名冊，除另有規定外，由鄉 (鎮、市、區) 戶政機關依據戶籍登記 資料編造，應載明編號、姓名、性別、出生年月日及戶籍地址；凡投票日前二十日已登錄戶籍登記資料，依規定有選舉人資格者，應一律編入名冊；投票日前二十日以後遷出之選舉人，仍應在原戶籍地行使選舉權。 | The list of electors, unless otherwise prescribed, shall be compiled by the township (city/district) government agency of household registration according to the household registration data, and shall include such information as S/N, name, sex, date of birth and address of domicile. All those who have their household data registered by the twentieth day before the polling day and thus enjoy the qualification of elector according to relevant provisions shall be listed, and the electors who migrated after the twentieth day before the polling day shall execute their rights of suffrage at the original location of domicile all the same. | The list of electors, unless otherwise prescribed, shall be compiled by the township (city/district) government agency of household registration according to the household registration data, and shall include such information as S/N, name, gender, date of birth and address of domicile. All those who have their household data registered by the twentieth day before the polling day and thus enjoy the qualification of elector according to relevant provisions shall be listed, and the electors who migrated after the twentieth day before the polling day shall execute their rights of suffrage at the original location of domicile all the same. | 涉及個人資料之「性別」記載或載明部分，基於不同國家證件之性別英譯可能為sex或gender，爰建議英譯為sex/gender。 |
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2 | 總統副總統選舉罷免法第44條第1項 | 中央選舉委員會應彙集各組候選人之號次、相片、姓名、出生年月日、性別、出生地、登記方式、住址、學歷、經歷及選舉投票等有關規定，編印選舉公報，並得錄製有聲選舉公報。 | The Central Election Commission shall collect the S/N, photos, name, date of birth, sex, birthplace, way of registration, address, educational background and experiences of each group of candidates as well as relevant regulations on election and voting to compile and print the election bulletin, and may record acoustic election bulletin. | The Central Election Commission shall collect the S/N, photos, name, date of birth, gender, birthplace, way of registration, address, educational background and experiences of each group of candidates as well as relevant regulations on election and voting to compile and print the election bulletin, and may record acoustic election bulletin. | 涉及個人資料之「性別」記載或載明部分，基於不同國家證件之性別英譯可能為sex或gender，爰建議英譯為sex/gender。 |
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3 | 合作社法第9條第2項第5款 | 五、理事、監事之姓名、性別、年齡、出生地、職務、住所。 | 5. Name, sex, age, place of birth, position, and dwelling address of the directors and the supervisors; | 5. Name, gender, age, place of birth, position, and dwelling address of the directors and the supervisors; | 涉及個人資料之「性別」記載或載明部分，基於不同國家證件之性別英譯可能為sex或gender，爰建議英譯為sex/gender。 |
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4 | 合作社法第35條第2項第1款 | 一、社員姓名、性別、年齡、籍貫、職業及住所。 | 1. Name, sex, age, native place, occupation, and address of the members | 1. Name, gender, age, native place, occupation, and address of the members | 涉及個人資料之「性別」記載或載明部分，基於不同國家證件之性別英譯可能為sex或gender，爰建議英譯為sex/gender。 |
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5 | 去氧核醣核酸採樣條例第7條第2項第1款 | 被採樣人之姓名或足資識別之特徵、性別、年齡及住所或居所。 | Full name or fully identifiable features, sex, age, domicile or residence of the suspect or the accused. | Full name or fully identifiable features, gender, age, domicile or residence of the suspect or the accused. | 涉及個人資料之「性別」記載或載明部分，基於不同國家證件之性別英譯可能為sex或gender，爰建議英譯為sex/gender。 |
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6 | 建築師法第8條第1項第2款 | 第一項第二款 建築師姓名、性別、年齡、照片、住址及證書字號。 | the full name, sex, age, photograph, place of residence and license certificate number of the architect. | the full name, gender , age, photograph, place of residence and license certificate number of the architect. | 涉及個人資料之「性別」記載或載明部分，基於不同國家證件之性別英譯可能為sex或gender，爰建議英譯為sex/gender。 |
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7 | 1.災害防救法施行細則第15條第1款 | 一、被徵調人之姓名、出生年、月、日、性別、國民身分證統一編號、住、居所或其他足資辨別之特徵。
| 1. Name, date of birth, sex, ID number, permanent address, present address or any other sufficient particular identification of the draft-requisitioned person; | 1. Name, date of birth, gender, ID number, permanent address, present address or any other sufficient particular identification of the draft-requisitioned person; | 涉及個人資料之「性別」記載或載明部分，基於不同國家證件之性別英譯可能為sex或gender，爰建議英譯為sex/gender。 |
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8 | 2.災害防救法施行細則第16條第1款 | 一、被徵用人、被徵購人之姓名、出生年、月、日、性別、國民身分證統一編號、住、居所或其他足資辨別之特徵；如係法人或其他設有管理人或代表人之團體，其名稱、事務所或營業所，及管理人或代表人之姓名、出生年、月、日、性別、國民身分證統一編號、住、居所。 | 1. Name, date of birth, sex, ID number, permanent address, present address or any other sufficient particular identification of the usage-requisitioned person and the purchase-requisitioned person; in case of an incorporated body or any group provided with an administrator or representative: its name, business place or office, and the name, date of birth, sex, ID number, permanent address, and present address of the administrator or representative; | 1. Name, date of birth, gender, ID number, permanent address, present address or any other sufficient particular identification of the usage-requisitioned person and the purchase-requisitioned person; in case of an incorporated body or any group provided with an administrator or representative: its name, business place or office, and the name, date of birth, sex, ID number, permanent address, and present address of the administrator or representative; | 涉及個人資料之「性別」記載或載明部分，基於不同國家證件之性別英譯可能為sex或gender，爰建議英譯為sex/gender。 |
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9 | 3.災害搜救費用繳納辦法第5條第1項 | 一、處分相對人之姓名或名稱、出生年月日、性別、統一編號、住居所、營業所或其他足資辨別之特徵。 | (1)Name, date of birth, sex, ID No., address, office, and other distinct characteristics of the Counterpart of Punishment. | (1)Name, date of birth, gender, ID No., address, office, and other distinct characteristics of the Counterpart of Punishment. | 涉及個人資料之「性別」記載或載明部分，基於不同國家證件之性別英譯可能為sex或gender，爰建議英譯為sex/gender。 |
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五、 衛生福利部
序號 | 中文法律名稱及 其條項款目 | 現行 中文內容 | 現行 英文內容 | 修正後 英文內容 | 專家學者檢視意見 |
1 | 全民健康保險法施行細則第28條第2項第1款 (社保司) | (第二項) 前項第一款及第二款之名冊（卡），應分別記載下列事項： 一、被保險人及其眷屬姓名、性別、出生年月日、國民身分證統一編號及住址。 (以下略) | The name lists (cards) of employees or members referred to in the Subparagraphs 1 and 2 of the preceding paragraph shall record the following items: 1.The names, sex, date of birth, national identification numbers and address of the insured and his/her dependents. | The name lists (cards) of employees or members referred to in the Subparagraphs 1 and 2 of the preceding paragraph shall record the following items: 1.The names, gender, date of birth, national identification numbers and address of the insured and his/her dependents. | 涉及個人資料之「性別」記載或載明部分，基於不同國家證件之性別英譯可能為sex或gender，爰建議英譯為sex/gender。 |
2 | 家庭暴力防治法施行細則第5條 第1項 (心口司) |
| In the event that a written petition for a protection order is filed in accordance with the provisions of the first part of Paragraph 1 of Article 12 of the Act, the following shall be indicated: 1.The name, sex, date of birth, ID number, and domicile, residence or mailing address of the petitioner, as well as his/her relationship with the victim; if the petitioner is a juridical person, institution, or any other organization, its name and principle office, administrative office, or business office are required. 2.The name, sex, date of birth, and domicile, residence or mailing address of the victim if he/she is not the petitioner; 3.The name, sex, date of birth, and domicile, residence or mailing address of the opposite party, as well as his/her relationship with the victim; 4.The name, sex, date of birth, and domicile, residence, administrative office, or business office of the agent if any; 5.The purport of the petition and the reasons and facts involved; | In the event that a written petition for a protection order is filed in accordance with the provisions of the first part of Paragraph 1 of Article 12 of the Act, the following shall be indicated: 1.The name, Gender, date of birth, ID number, and domicile, residence or mailing address of the petitioner, as well as his/her relationship with the victim; if the petitioner is a juridical person, institution, or any other organization, its name and principle office, administrative office, or business office are required. 2.The name, gender, date of birth, and domicile, residence or mailing address of the victim if he/she is not the petitioner; 3.The name, gender, date of birth, and domicile, residence or mailing address of the opposite party, as well as his/her relationship with the victim; 4.The name, gender, date of birth, and domicile, residence, administrative office, or business office of the agent if any; 5.The purport of the petition and the reasons and facts involved; | 涉及個人資料之「性別」記載或載明部分，基於不同國家證件之性別英譯可能為sex或gender，爰建議英譯為sex/gender。 |
3 | 生產事故救濟條例 第23條 第2項 (醫事司) | 前項公布之方式，應至少包含醫療機構層級別、區域別及性別之案件分析。 | The aforesaid publication of the results shall include analyses of cases in accordance with levels of medical care institution, region, and sex. | The aforesaid publication of the results shall include analyses of cases in accordance with levels of medical care institution, region, and gender. | 涉及個人資料之「性別」記載或載明部分，基於不同國家證件之性別英譯可能為sex或gender，爰建議英譯為sex/gender。 |
4 | 人類免疫缺乏病毒傳染防治及感染者權益保障條例 第5條 第1項 (疾管署) | 中央主管機關應邀集感染者權益促進團體、民間機構、學者專家及各目的事業主管機關代表，參與推動人類免疫缺乏病毒傳染防治及感染者權益保障事項；其中單一性別不得少於三分之一，且感染者權益促進團體、民間機構及學者專家之席次比例，不得少於二分之一。 | The central competent authority shall invite groups promoting the rights and the interests of the infected, private sector institutions, scholars and experts, and representatives of various competent enterprise authorities to participate in the promotion of matters concerning HIV infection control and protection of the rights of the infected; of them, the number of representatives of a single sex shall not constitute less than one-third of the total participants; the number of representatives from groups promoting the rights and the interests of the infected, private sector institutions, scholars and experts shall not constitute less than one-half of the total participants. | The central competent authority shall invite groups promoting the rights and the interests of the infected, private sector institutions, scholars and experts, and representatives of various competent enterprise authorities to participate in the promotion of matters concerning HIV infection control and protection of the rights of the infected; of them, the number of representatives of a single gender shall not constitute less than one-third of the total participants; the number of representatives from groups promoting the rights and the interests of the infected, private sector institutions, scholars and experts shall not constitute less than one-half of the total participants. | 有關「單一性別比例不得少於三分之一」之全句英譯，目前暫以性平處前所提供之檢視原則建議文字修正，未來因應性別內涵之進程再作不同英譯處理考量。 |
5 | 身心障礙者權益保障法第10條 第2項 (社家署) | 前項之代表，單一性別不得少於三分之一。 | In the protection representatives mentioned above, single gender shall be no less than one third of the total number. |
| 有關「單一性別比例不得少於三分之一」之全句英譯，目前暫以性平處前所提供之檢視原則建議文字修正，未來因應性別內涵之進程再作不同英譯處理考量。 |
6 | 居家式托育服務提供者登記及管理辦法 第11條 第1項 (社家署) | 托育服務登記證書（以下簡稱服務登記證書），應記載下列事項： 一、托育人員姓名、性別、出生年月日。 二、證書字號。 三、第八條第一項第二款資格。 四、服務登記處所地址；提供到宅托育服務者，免予記載。 五、證書有效期限。 | Childcare service registration certificates (hereinafter referred to as service registration certificates) shall contain the following items: 1 Name, gender, and date of birth. 2 Certificate number. 3 Qualifications designated in Subparagraph 2, Paragraph 1 of Article 8. 4 Addresses of agencies: Those who provide childcare service in children’s home are exempted from the records. 5 Valid periods of certificates. |
| 涉及個人資料之「性別」記載或載明部分，基於不同國家證件之性別英譯可能為sex或gender，爰建議英譯為sex/gender。 |
7 | 居家式托育服務提供者登記及管理辦法 第19條 (社家署) | 直轄市、縣（市）主管機關辦理檢查、輔導時，托育人員應予配合，並提供下列文件、資料： 一、實際收托兒童之姓名、性別、出生年月日與收托方式、時間、期間及書面契約。有第七條第三項情事者，並應提供主要照顧人名冊。 二、服務登記處所共同居住成員之名冊。 三、托育人員健康檢查證明。 四、在職訓練證明。 五、其他必要事項。 | During authorized municipal agencies and the county(city) governments’ inspections and guidance, childcare providers shall cooperate and offer the following files and documents: 1 Names, genders, birthdates, childcare service methods, time, periods and written contracts of the actual children being looked after. In the case of Paragraph 3 of Article 7, childcare providers shall offer the name lists of main caregivers. 2 Lists of members living together in agencies. 3 Documents of childcare providers’ physical examinations. 4 Document of in-service trainings. 5 Other necessary documents. |
| 涉及個人資料之「性別」記載或載明部分，基於不同國家證件之性別英譯可能為sex或gender，爰建議英譯為sex/gender。 |
8 | 第45條 (社家署) | 一、過度描述（繪）強制性交、猥褻、自殺、施用毒品等行為細節之文字或圖片。 | 1. Letters or photos describing (drawing) detailed sex offenses, obscenities, suicides, drug uses, etc. |
| 請再確認強制性交之英譯。 |
9 | 第49條 (社家署) | 九、強迫、引誘、容留或媒介兒童及少年為猥褻行為或性交。 | 9. Force, seduce, remain, or act as brokers for children and youth to undertake obscenities or sexual behaviour. |
| 1.本條所提性交，建議英譯為sexual intercourse。 2.猥褻行為建議英譯為obscene behavior. |
10 | 第55條 (社家署) | 兒童及少年罹患性病或有酒癮、藥物濫用情形者，其父母、監護人或其他實際照顧兒童及少年之人應協助就醫，或由直轄市、縣（市）主管機關會同衛生主管機關配合協助就醫；必要時，得請求警政主管機關協助。 | Children and youth who suffer from sexual diseases, alcohol addiction or drug abuse shall be provided with assistance in medical treatment by parents, guardians or other people looking after the children and youth or special municipal or county (city) authorized agencies together with authorized agencies in charge of health; if necessary, authorized agencies in charge of police may be asked to provide assistance. |
| 有關「性病」，建議英譯為sexually transmitted diseases。 |
11 | 第112條之1 (社家署) | 成年人故意對兒童及少年犯兒童及少年性剝削防制條例、刑法妨害性自主罪章、殺人罪章及傷害罪章之罪而受緩刑宣告者，在緩刑期內應付保護管束。 | Adults who commit offences against children and youth as set forth in the Child and Youth Sexual Exploitation Prevention Act and Chapters Sexual Offenses, Offenses of Homicide, and Offenses of Causing Injury of the Criminal Code, and have been punished with deferred prosecution, shall be placed under protective measures during the period of suspension. |
| Chapters Sexual Offenses建議修正為the Chapter of Sexual Offenses，以符合英文文意。 |
六、 法務部
序號 | 中文法律名稱及其條項款目 | 現行中文內容 | 現行英文內容 | 修正後英文內容 | 專家學者檢視意見 |
1 | 民法第1055條之1第1項第1款 | 法院為前條裁判時，應依子女之最佳利益，審酌一切情狀，尤應注意下列事項：一、子女之年齡、性別、人數及健康情形。 | When the court makes the jurisdiction in the Article of 1055, it should be decide in accordance with the best interests of the minor child, consider all the conditions and the visiting reports of the social workers, especially check the following contents: (1) The age, sex, numbers and healthy condition of the minor child. | When the court makes the jurisdiction in the Article of 1055, it should be decide in accordance with the best interests of the minor child, consider all the conditions and the visiting reports of the social workers, especially check the following contents: (1) The age, gender, numbers and healthy condition of the minor child. | 涉及個人資料之「性別」記載或載明部分，基於不同國家證件之性別英譯可能為sex或gender，爰建議英譯為sex/gender。 |
2 | 民法第1094條之1第1款 | 法院選定或改定監護人時，應依受監護人之最佳利益，審酌一切情狀，尤應注意下列事項：一、受監護人之年齡、性別、意願、健康情形及人格發展需要。 | When electing or changing guardians, for the best interest of the ward, the court shall take everything into consideration; the following things shall be paid attention to(1) the ward’s age, sex, willingness, health, and the need of developing the ward’s personality. | When electing or changing guardians, for the best interest of the ward, the court shall take everything into consideration; the following things shall be paid attention to(1) the ward’s age, gender, willingness, health, and the need of developing the ward’s personality. | 涉及個人資料之「性別」記載或載明部分，基於不同國家證件之性別英譯可能為sex或gender，爰建議英譯為sex/gender。 |
3 | 行政程序法第96條第1項第1款 | 一、處分相對人之姓名、出生年月日、性別、身分證統一號碼、住居所或其他足資辨別之特徵；如係法人或其他設有管理人或代表人之團體，其名稱、事務所或營業所，及管理人或代表人之姓名、出生年月日、性別、身分證統一號碼、住居所。 | 1.The name, date of birth, sex, identification number, domicile or residence, and any other features for identification of the person subject to the disposition; if the person subject to the disposition is a juristic person or a body with a manager or representative, the name, business office or business establishment of such body, and the name, date of birth, sex, identification number, and domicile or residence of such manager or represent; | 1.The name, date of birth, gender, identification number, domicile or residence, and any other features for identification of the person subject to the disposition; if the person subject to the disposition is a juristic person or a body with a manager or representative, the name, business office or business establishment of such body, and the name, date of birth, gender, identification number, and domicile or residence of such manager or represent; | 涉及個人資料之「性別」記載或載明部分，基於不同國家證件之性別英譯可能為sex或gender，爰建議英譯為sex/gender。 |
4 | 國際刑事司法互助法第10條第1項第2款 | 二、提供協助有使人因種族、國籍、性別、宗教、階級或政治理念而受刑罰或其他不利益處分之虞。 | The provision of assistance will prejudice the individuals involved and may result in the person’s punishment or any other detrimental infliction because of the person’s race or ethnic origin, nationality, sex, religion, social class, or political opinion. | The provision of assistance will prejudice the individuals involved and may result in the person’s punishment or any other detrimental infliction because of the person’s race or ethnic origin, nationality, gender, religion, social class, or political opinion. | 涉及個人資料之「性別」記載或載明部分，基於不同國家證件之性別英譯可能為sex或gender，爰建議英譯為sex/gender。 |
5 | 引渡法第10條第1項第1款 | 一、人犯之姓名、性別、年齡、籍貫、職業、住所或居所，或其他足資辨別之特徵。 | 「A requisition for extradition from a foreign government shall be in writing, stating the following matters:1.The name, sex, age, native place, occupation, domicile or residence, or other features of identification of the accused;」 | 「A requisition for extradition from a foreign government shall be in writing, stating the following matters:1.The name, gender, age, native place, occupation, domicile or residence, or other features of identification of the accused;」 | 涉及個人資料之「性別」記載或載明部分，基於不同國家證件之性別英譯可能為sex或gender，爰建議英譯為sex/gender。 |
七、 勞動部
序號 | 中文法律名稱及其條款目 | 現行中文內容 | 現行英文內容 | 修正後英文內容 | 專家學者檢視意見 |
1 | 勞動基準法第7條第1項 | 雇主應置備勞工名卡，登記勞工之姓名、性別、出生年月日、本籍、教育程度、住址、身分證統一號碼、到職年月日、工資、勞工保險投保日期、獎懲、傷病及其他必要事項。 | An employer shall prepare and maintain a worker record card indicating the name, sex, birth date, place of ancestral origin, educational background, address, national identification card number, employment starting date, wage, labor insurance starting date, merits and demerits, injury and disease and other significant facts of each worker. | An employer shall prepare and maintain a worker record card indicating the name, gender, birth date, place of ancestral origin, educational background, address, national identification card number, employment starting date, wage, labor insurance starting date, merits and demerits, injury and disease and other significant facts of each worker. | 涉及個人資料之「性別」記載或載明部分，基於不同國家證件之性別英譯可能為sex或gender，爰建議英譯為sex/gender。 |
2 | 就業服務法第33條第1項 | 雇主資遣員工時，應於員工離職之十日前，將被資遣員工之姓名、性別、年齡、住址、電話、擔任工作、資遣事由及需否就業輔導等事項，列冊通報當地主管機關及公立就業服務機構。但其資遣係因天災、事變或其他不可抗力之情事所致者，應自被資遣員工離職之日起三日內為之。 | In the event of layoff, employer shall list the laid-off employee, at least ten days prior to leaving his/her job, indicating the name of such employee, his/her sex, age, address, telephone numbers, position, the cause(s) of the layoff, and whether he/she is in need of employment counseling, and submit such list to and inform the local competent authority(ies) as well as public employment services institution(s). However, where the layoff is caused by a natural disaster, unforeseen event or any other force majeure, employer shall accomplish the aforementioned list within three days following the day when the laid-off employee leaves his/her job. | In the event of layoff, employer shall list the laid-off employee, at least ten days prior to leaving his/her job, indicating the name of such employee, gender, age, address, telephone numbers, position, the cause(s) of the layoff, and whether he/she is in need of employment counseling, and submit such list to and inform the local competent authority(ies) as well as public employment services institution(s). However, where the layoff is caused by a natural disaster, unforeseen event or any other force majeure, employer shall accomplish the aforementioned list within three days following the day when the laid-off employee leaves his/her job. | 涉及個人資料之「性別」記載或載明部分，基於不同國家證件之性別英譯可能為sex或gender，爰建議英譯為sex/gender。 |
3 | 勞工保險條例施行細則第10條第2項第1款 | 員工或會員名冊（卡）應分別記載下列事項： 一、姓名、性別、出生年月日、住址、國民身分證統一編號。 | The roll list (card) of employees or members shall include the following contents: | The roll list (card) of employees or members shall include the following contents: | 涉及個人資料之「性別」記載或載明部分，基於不同國家證件之性別英譯可能為sex或gender，爰建議英譯為sex/gender。 |
4 | 就業保險法施行細則第11條第2項第1款 | 前項員工名冊記載事項如下： 一、姓名、性別、出生年月日、住(居)所、國民身分證統一編號。 | The above employee roster record includes the following items: 1.Name, sex, date of birth, place of domicile (residence), and national identity card number. | The above employee roster record includes the following items: 1.Name, gender, date of birth, place of domicile (residence), and national identity card number. | 涉及個人資料之「性別」記載或載明部分，基於不同國家證件之性別英譯可能為sex或gender，爰建議英譯為sex/gender。 |
5 | 勞工退休金條例年金保險實施辦法第24條第1項 | 參加年金保險者之姓名、性別、出生年月日及國民身分證統一編號或居留證統一證號有變更或錯誤時，雇主應即填具資料變更申請書，並檢附其國民身分證影本、居留證影本或有關證件，送保險人辦理變更。 | If there is any change or error in the name, sex, date of birth and national identification or resident certificate number of any person participating in annuity insurance, the employer shall immediately fill out an application for change of his/her information and submit the same, along with photocopies of the national identification card, resident certificate or relevant documents, to the insurer for processing the change. | If there is any change or error in the name, gender, date of birth and national identification or resident certificate number of any person participating in annuity insurance, the employer shall immediately fill out an application for change of his/her information and submit the same, along with photocopies of the national identification card, resident certificate or relevant documents, to the insurer for processing the change. | 涉及個人資料之「性別」記載或載明部分，基於不同國家證件之性別英譯可能為sex或gender，爰建議英譯為sex/gender。 |
6 | 勞工退休金條例年金保險實施辦法第38條第2項第1款 | 前項權益說明書應包括下列事項： 一、勞工或受委任工作者個人基本資料：姓名、國民身分證統一編號、居留證統一證號、性別、出生年月日、受僱日期等。 | The written explanation referred to in the preceding Paragraph shall include the following matters: 1. Basic personal information of workers or commissioned workers: Name, national identification number, resident certificate number, sex, date of birth, date of employment; | The written explanation referred to in the preceding Paragraph shall include the following matters: 1. Basic personal information of workers or commissioned workers: Name, national identification number, resident certificate number, gender, date of birth, date of employment; | 涉及個人資料之「性別」記載或載明部分，基於不同國家證件之性別英譯可能為sex或gender，爰建議英譯為sex/gender。 |
7 | 私立就業服務機構許可及管理辦法第8條第1項第1款 | 本法第三十九條所稱各項文件資料包括： 一、職員名冊應記載職員姓名、國民身分證統一編號、性別、地址、電話及到職、離職日期等事項。 | Documents and information prescribed in Article 39 of the Act include the following: 1. List of employees: The information on each employee’s name, number of National Identification Card, sex, address, telephone number and arrival and/or resignation date, etc., shall be recorded. | Documents and information prescribed in Article 39 of the Act include the following: 1. List of employees: The information on each employee’s name, number of National Identification Card, gender, address, telephone number and arrival and/or resignation date, etc., shall be recorded. | 涉及個人資料之「性別」記載或載明部分，基於不同國家證件之性別英譯可能為sex或gender，爰建議英譯為sex/gender。 |
八、 僑務委員會
序號 | 中文法律名稱及其條項款目 | 現行中文內容 | 現行英文內容 | 修正後英文內容 | 專家學者檢視意見 |
1 | 僑務委員會僑民之友榮譽章頒贈要點附表一「請頒僑民之友榮譽章事實表」 | 附表一「請頒僑民之友榮譽章事實表」之「性別」欄目。 | The item of “Sex” in annex 1(Honored Friend Medal award request deeds table). | 擬修正性別英譯「Sex」欄位為「Gender」。 | 涉及個人資料之「性別」記載或載明部分，基於不同國家證件之性別英譯可能為sex或gender，爰建議英譯為sex/gender。 |
九、 金融監督管理委員會
序號 | 中文法律名稱及其條項款目 | 現行中文內容 | 現行英文內容 | 修正後英文內容 | 專家學者檢視意見 |
1 | 保險法第108條 | 人壽保險契約，除記載第五十五條規定事項外，並應載明左列事項： | (Specification of Life Insurance Contract) | (Specification of Life Insurance Contract) | 涉及個人資料之「性別」記載或載明部分，基於不同國家證件之性別英譯可能為sex或gender，爰建議英譯為sex/gender。 |
2 | 保險法第135條之2 | 年金保險契約，除記載第五十五條規定事項外，並應載明左列事項： | (Specification of an Annuity Insurance Contract) | (Specification of an Annuity Insurance Contract) | 涉及個人資料之「性別」記載或載明部分，基於不同國家證件之性別英譯可能為sex或gender，爰建議英譯為sex/gender。 |
3 | 強制汽車責任保險法第17條 | 要保人申請訂立本保險契約時，對於下列事項應據實說明： | (Matters Required to Be Represented for Establishing Insurance Contract) | (Matters Required to Be Represented for Establishing Insurance Contract) | 涉及個人資料之「性別」記載或載明部分，基於不同國家證件之性別英譯可能為sex或gender，爰建議英譯為sex/gender。 |
十、 文化部
序號 | 中文法律名稱及其條項款目 | 現行中文內容 | 現行英文內容 | 修正後英文內容 | 專家學者檢視意見 |
1 | 文化基本法第4條 | 人民享有之文化權利，不因族群、語言、性別、性傾向、年齡、地域、宗 | People shall not suffer discrimination or be subject to unduly different treatment based on people group, language, gender, sexual preference, age, location, religious belief, infirmity, socioeconomic status, or any other condition in the enjoyment of their cultural rights. | People shall not suffer discrimination or be subject to unduly different treatment based on people group, language, gender, sexual orientation, age, location, religious belief, infirmity, socioeconomic status, or any other condition in the enjoyment of their cultural rights. | 本條文「性別」涵義包含生理性別及社會性別，建議英譯為sex/gender。 |
2 | 文化內容策進院設置條例第8條第3項 | 第一項董事，任一性別不得少於董事總人數三分之一。 | The number of Directors of each sex drawn from Subparagraph 1 shall be no less than one-third the total number of Directors. | The number of Directors of each gender drawn from Subparagraph 1 shall be no less than one-third the total number of Directors. | 有關「任一性別不得少於董事總人數三分之一」之全句英譯，目前暫以性平處前所提供之檢視原則建議文字修正，未來因應性別內涵之進程再作不同英譯處理考量。 |
3 | 文化內容策進院設置條例第9條第3項 | 第一項監事，任一性別不得少於監事總人數三分之一。 | The number of Directors of each sex drawn from Subparagraph 1 shall be no less than one-third the total number of Directors. | The number of Directors of each gender drawn from Subparagraph 1 shall be no less than one-third the total number of Directors. | 有關本法「任一性別不得少於監事總人數三分之一」之全句英譯，目前暫以性平處前所提供之檢視原則建議文字修正，未來因應性別內涵之進程再作不同英譯處理考量。 |
4 | 文化內容策進院設置條例第23條第1項 | 監督機關應邀集有關機關代表、學者專家及社會公正人士，辦理本院之績效評鑑，其中學者專家及社會公正人士之人數不得少於三分之二，且任一性別不得少於總人數三分之一。 | Among these, the number of scholars and experts and upstanding members of the public shall account for no less than two-thirds of the total. More, each sex shall enjoy no less than one-third of the total representation. | Among these, the number of scholars and experts and upstanding members of the public shall account for no less than two-thirds of the total. More, each gender shall enjoy no less than one-third of the total representation. | 有關本法「任一性別不得少於總人數三分之一」之全句英譯，目前暫以性平處前所提供之檢視原則建議文字修正，未來因應性別內涵之進程再作不同英譯處理考量。 |
5 | 國立臺灣史前文化博物館訪問學人及訪問學員申請作業要點附件三訪問學人（員）申請表 | 訪問學人（員）申請表 性別 | Application Form Sex | Application Form Gender | 涉及個人資料之「性別」記載或載明部分，基於不同國家證件之性別英譯可能為sex或gender，爰建議英譯為sex/gender。 |
十一、 教育部
序號 | 中文法律名稱及其條項款目 | 現行中文內容 | 現行英文內容 | 修正後英文內容 | 專家學者檢視意見 |
1 | 教育基本法第4條 | 第4條 人民無分性別、年齡、能力、地域、族群、宗教信仰、政治理念、社經地位及其他條件，接受教育之機會一律平等。對於原住民、身心障礙者及其他弱勢族群之教育，應考慮其自主性及特殊性，依法令予以特別保障，並扶助其發展。 | Article 4 All people, regardless of their sexes, ages, abilities, geographic locality, ethnic groups, religious beliefs or political ideas, social or economic standings or other conditions, have equal opportunity for receiving education. Special protection on the education for indigenous peoples, the physically or mentally challenged or other disadvantaged groups shall be provided with considerations of their autonomy and special characteristics in accordance with relevant laws and regulations to support their development. | Article 4 All people, regardless of their genders, ages, abilities, geographic locality, ethnic groups, religious beliefs or political ideas, social or economic standings or other conditions, have equal opportunity for receiving education. Special protection on the education for indigenous peoples, the physically or mentally challenged or other disadvantaged groups shall be provided with considerations of their autonomy and special characteristics in accordance with relevant laws and regulations to support their development. | 本條文「性別」涵義包含生理性別及社會性別，建議英譯為sex/gender。 |
十二、 交通部
序號 | 中文法律名稱及其條項款目 | 現行中文內容 | 現行英文內容 | 修正後英文內容 | 專家學者檢視意見 |
1 | 航空人員體格檢查標準第7條附件1「體格檢查及格證書」之性別欄位 | 性別 | Sex | Gender | 涉及個人資料之「性別」記載或載明部分，基於不同國家證件之性別英譯可能為sex或gender，爰建議英譯為sex/gender。 |
2 | 遙控無人機管理規則第20條附件10「遙控無人機操作人學、術科測驗申請書」及附件11「遙控無人機人員操作申請書」之性別欄位 | 性別 | Sex | Gender | 涉及個人資料之「性別」記載或載明部分，基於不同國家證件之性別英譯可能為sex或gender，爰建議英譯為sex/gender。 |
2021/01/16
Dear All,
As the fruit of several hours of research, here are my preliminary comments re the ‘sex’ and ‘gender’ discussion:
First, it is notable that the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) does not use the term ‘gender’ at all. In Article 1, it defines ‘discrimination’ as “any distinction, exclusion or restriction made on the basis of sex …” In Article 5, it calls for the elimination of prejudices and practices “which are based on the idea of the superiority or inferiority of either of the sexes …” All of its other provisions refer to ‘men’ and ‘women’, avoiding the use of ‘sex’, ‘sexes’ and ‘gender’.
General Recommendation No. 28 of CEDAW’s Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Woman repeatedly refers to the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women “on the basis of sex and gender” – thus stressing the distinction between ‘sex’ and ‘gender’ in this context. This distinction is highlighted by the call on states to take steps to achieve “sex non-discrimination and gender equality in practice” – i.e., no discrimination on the basis of biological sex, and equality in respect of gender identity. To clarify this distinction, the report states as follows:
Although the Convention only refers to sex-based discrimination, interpreting article 1 together with articles 2 (f) and 5 (a) indicates that the Convention covers gender-based discrimination against women. The term ‘sex’ here refers to biological differences between men and women. The term ‘gender’ refers to socially constructed identities, attributes and roles for women and men and society’s social and cultural meaning for these biological differences resulting in hierarchical relationships between women and men and in the distribution of power and rights favouring men and disadvantaging women.
This subject was helpfully examined by the European Network of Legal Experts in Gender Equality and Non-discrimination, whose report titled Gender Equality Law in Europe was published by the European Commission in January 2019. On page 10 of this report, under the subheading of “Sex/gender/transgender”, it states:
EU law does not provide definitions of the concepts of ‘sex’, ‘gender’ and ‘transgender’, and does not distinguish clearly between sex and gender. Similarly, very few countries define the concepts of ‘sex’, ‘gender’ and/or ‘transgender’ in their legislation. Finland, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, and Sweden are exceptions. In the Finnish Act on Equality Between Men and Women, a new subsection defines what is meant by gender identity and expression of gender. Article 10 of the Serbian Gender Equality Act defines both sex and gender: ‘sex’ relates to biological features of a person, while ‘gender’ means socially established roles, position and status of women and men in public and private lives from which, due to social, cultural and historic differences, discrimination ensues on the basis of biologically belonging to a sex. Romania recently (2015) introduced definitions of sex and gender, as well as ‘gender stereotypes’ in its Gender Equality Law, whereby gender is understood to mean the combination of roles, behaviours, features and activities that society considers to be appropriate for women and men. In Sweden, the Discrimination Act defines sex as the fact “that someone is a woman or a man.” Maltese law includes definitions of ‘gender expression’ and ‘gender identity’.
In light of these authorities, I would suggest:
1. Strictly speaking, 性別 should be translated as ‘sex’ rather than ‘gender’, even though both terms are commonly used interchangeably in English-speaking countries, with ‘gender’ having perhaps already become more commonly used than ‘sex’ for indicating whether one is male or female. [Note: According to Wikipedia, the use of ‘gender’ in place of ‘sex’ as a biological classification can be traced to the 1980s, officially adopted in 1993 when the US Food and Drug Administration started to use ‘gender’ instead of ‘sex’; however, in 2011, the FDA reversed its position and began using ‘sex’ as the biological classification and ‘gender’ as “a person’s self representation as male or female, or how that person is responded to by social institutions based on the individual’s gender presentation.”]
2. To cover the situation of those whose biological sex is not definitively male or female, or who do not identify with their birth sex, or who are undergoing or have undergone transition, 性別認同 should be translated as ‘gender identity’, since the identification is more with the construct of gender than with the biological fact of sex. This also allows for identification as gender neutral.
3. I’d say that 性別特質 might be translated as either ‘sex trait(s)’ or ‘gender trait(s)’ since it could refer to trait(s) of either biological sex or gender construct.
4. 性別歧視 might be translated as both ‘sex discrimination’ and ‘gender discrimination’ (or ‘sex-based discrimination’ and ‘gender-based discrimination’, as used in the above-cited General Recommendation No. 28).
5. 性傾向， 性侵害， 性騷擾 and 性霸凌 are appropriately translated, respectively, as ‘sexual orientation’, ‘sexual assault’, ‘sexual harassment’ and ‘sexual bullying’, since they refer to sexual behavior rather than maleness versus femaleness.
6. 任一性別人數（代表）不得少雨三分之一 should be translated as “Members of each sex shall occupy no less than one third of the seats of the committee/commission” or “Members of each sex shall constitute no less than one-third of the membership of the committee/commission.” (Note: In laws and regulations, 應 and 不得 should be translated respectively as ‘shall’ and ‘shall not’ rather than ‘should’ or ‘should not’, since they are prescriptive rather than suggestive.)
Peter
(7) CEDAW 第4次國家報告座談會會議紀錄(第2輪第2場) (含民間團體會後書面意見摘要)
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