顧燕翎2025/7/26 CEDAW國家報告五提交意見

 主旨：

請主責單位對性別、跨性別女性、LGBTI+、單一性別、任一性別、多元性別、性和性別、性別友善等名詞加以定義及説明，勿模糊處理重要概念及名詞

 說明：

性別攸關公私機構與人民每日的行動和生活，本國家報告和相關法律、行政措施的用語、字義必須足夠清楚、定義明確、且有一致性、可以預測，人們方能理解和討論，並且根據國家法令調整自己的行為。不應當未經討論和適當說明便要求國人去仰賴并不熟悉的外在解釋，如CEDAW一般性建議，而建議性質的文字未必包括完整明確的定義說明，其法律位階也有待確認。

 1979年通過的「消除所有形式對婦女歧視公約」立法宗旨在消除對女性的歧視和提升女性的地位，其主體毋庸置疑應為全球女性。數十年來此群體之地位雖有提升，仍存在潛在的歧視和不平等，因此聯合國設有婦女署，立法院也考慮設立婦女人權常設委員會，然而司法院的人權與兒少保護及性別友善委員會卻未包含婦女。

 本報告使用的相關名詞從婦女／女性延伸到性別、跨性別女性、LGBTI+、單一性別、任一性別、多元性別、性和性別、性別友善等等，卻未給這些名詞明確和足以溝通的定義，也因而產生不同的或互相衝突的解讀，造成執行上的困擾。這些CEDAW原文中不存在的概念和名詞與女性有何關係也需要進一步說明。

 雖然性平會公布的中英文名詞對照表中，性別是gender，完全沒有sex，但是以生理為基礎的性別(sex)、男、女仍然是人類社會中重要的概念和類別。今年4月英國最高法院全票通過的蘇格蘭女性協會（上訴人）訴蘇格蘭部長（被上訴人）判決書便明確認定英國平等法中，女性(women)被保護的特徵是性別(sex)，跨性別被保護的特徵是性別重置(gender reassignment)，兩者是互相獨立的，所以跨男的性別仍然是女性（可以請產假）；跨女的性別仍然是男性（不可以請產假）。男女的定義則是human male of all ages 及human female of all ages，對於跨男的保護更為具體而實際。 

如何建構一個沒有性侵的世界？閱讀Disgrace

 顧燕翎

 　　作者柏爾克 (Joanne Bourke) 1963年出生於紐西蘭，成長於非洲、大洋洲及海地，在澳洲、英國求學，接觸多元文化，發展出後殖民主義的全球化視野。在#MeTo運動後討論性侵及其後遺症的諸多出版品中，本書因為從歷史和文化角度，將各地的實際案例與結構性的壓迫系統及理論連結，並且在西方的理論之外找尋解決問題的在地智慧，而特別受到矚目，對於亞洲讀者也應更具啟發性。

從gender 到 sex –-- 美國性別政策的轉移 From "gender" to "sex"--- The transition of US Policy

 顧燕翎       （本文刪節版將發表於觀察雜誌三月號）

        川普總統今年一月二十日再度上任，美國的性別政策立即大轉彎，也同時引發劇烈抗爭。川普在就職演説中重申競選期間的主張：性別只有男女兩種，而且不容改變。當時他是用gender來表示性別，之後在當天所有的行政命令中都立即改成了 sex，而且其中有一個是要求所有政府官員只使用sex，不可用 gender。同樣一天，在石牆國家紀念區（紐約格林威治的一個公園，2016年民主黨歐巴馬總統指定做為同志運動起始的石牆運動的紀念園區）官網上的LGBTQ+（女同性戀、男同性戀、雙性戀、跨性別、酷兒等） 的T不見了，接著Q也跟著消失，回到了LGB 的歷史起點，（此三種分類都是以sex為基礎）。當然旋即招致跨運者在公園舉牌抗議。就任當天發布的行政命令中，還有一條是醫療機構停止對十九歲以下的年輕人進行變性治療和用藥，二月十三日（不到一個月）便遭到馬利蘭州聯邦法院法官Brendan Hurson暫時禁止執行。

我在消防局性平會議的發言---"優化體能測驗成果"堪憂 Equity or Equality?

顧燕翎  2025/01/22

1. 僅是一項體能測驗不宜追求那麼宏大的目標（成為全球性別平等與效能兼備的模範團體），腳踏實地、逐步漸進或許更能提升消防機關的效能。比"優化體能測驗成果"更重要的應是符合工作需求的體能標準的建立。只追求結果的相同（Equity）—女性與男性的人數相同，無論對消防同仁或對市民來說都是危險的。林業保育署的巡山員體能測驗便不分男女統一標準,也是考量巡山員本身的安全。消防局要追求的應該是公平（Equality）及回歸專業，讓每個擁有專業能力的人都有機會獲得進用、升遷和發展。

2. 請問報告中各測驗項目的等級劃分依據標準為何。  

What I Did and Didn’t Do on Inauguration Weekend by Jo Freeman

 Dispatch from DC

What I Did and Didn’t Do on Inauguration Weekend

                                                         by Jo Freeman

The long weekend is finally over.  There was big news all over the world. I’m not going to tell you about the events you could read about easily. I’m going to write about the ones I went to which got very little media coverage, nationally or locally.

 I took the bus to DC last week in order to attend the People’s March, aka the Women’s March.  There have been many such marches since the first one on January 21, 2017 – the day after Trump’s first inauguration.  That day, so many women converged on Pennsylvania Ave. and the Mall that no one could count them.   Indeed, you could barely move, let alone march.   Last Saturday, there were roughly a hundred thousand people marching in DC from three national parks north of the White House to the Lincoln Memorial.  It was one of several marches around the country.

女性真實存在嗎？——兩本有關性別的書 2 Books on Gender: Material Girls and On Sex and Gender

 

Material Girls：Why Reality Matters for Feminism   2021

實體女人：女性的真實存在

 作者Kathleen Stock (1972- )，英國人，Sussex大學哲學教授，女同性戀，曾有異性戀婚姻和家庭。此書從分析哲學的角度批評性別認同的概念，反對在法律上將性別定義成單純的個人內在感受，由各人自行決定，旁人不可干預，也與生理和身體外觀無關。她主張男女性別真實存在，但也同時主張，生物只要有分類，必然會有例外，例外者不應受到排擠。傳統的性別分類仍需保持，沒有必要取消男女，但是可以增加新的概念、語言和交义性的類別，給予非二元性別者相同的人權和尊重。Stock支持跨性別人士，但不同意當下流行的性別認同理論，期望就理論部分進行學術辯論，不但得不到正面回應，卻因不符合英國學術界反對二元性別的政治正確而飽受攻擊，失去教職。但此書卻受到媒體和大眾歡迎，成為暢銷書。

 此書和Duke大學法學教授Doriane L Coleman 2024年出版的On Sex and Gender: A Commonsense Approach 立場近似，都是反對本世紀以來英美盛行的對性別所採取的極左和極右立場：完全排除二元性別（男女）或者完全排除非二元性別及非異性戀者 (LGBTQ+)，而主張依據實證和經驗對待和定義性別，在常態之外看到並尊重差異的存在。兩位作者都自認為女性主義者，因此她們都主張男女的生理差異不容忽視，基於安全和隱私的需求，女性需要專屬的空間和法律，如庇護所、監獄、更衣室、遊民收容所、女廁、生育相關的保護等等；在高度競爭(elite sports)和身體接觸（如拳擊）的運動比賽中，為了公平和安全，也應男女分組。

Coleman也因她的書受到詆毀，不過並未在美國失去教職。

 

 

赤道上 讀後 (中文)

顧燕翎2014/5/2

　　C是我先生的高中好友，大學畢業後隨著留學潮到美國，留了下來，成家立業，在太空總署任職，是一位優秀的科學家。數十年來我只聞其名，未見其人，直到幾年前，才在他和妻子返鄉時見到面。第二次也是最後一次見面，我正等候做肺部穿刺檢查，他們來家裡探望，說了些鼓勵的話。

　　網路興起後，許多同班同學都組成了群組，在虛擬空間重新擦出火花，他們那班也不例外，陸陸續續聽到先生提起散居世界各地同學的近況，功課最好的遁入了空門，風流倜儻的退休後四處傳教，也有人成了企業家、醫生。世事難料，我的肺癌疑雲在穿刺之前居然奇蹟式地消散了；先生的電腦網址卻因為管理單位異動，失去了不少連絡人，將近兩年不再聽他談起高中同學。生命中失去了一些活動，又被另一些填滿，依舊忙碌不停運轉下去。

On the Equator -- Wu's novel 赤道上 讀後 (英文)

Wu was my husband's buddy from high school and a highly achieved scientist and engineer with broad interests in arts, history and literature. He died from lung cancer at an early age of 64 and left behind an unpublished novel On the Equator. It is a heart-breaking love story between a Taiwanese comfort woman and a Taiwanese military doctor in the Japanese army during the Second World Warand a legacy of Wu's creative talent and humanitarian sentiments.

Yenlin Ku 顧燕翎

            In my mind, 嘉林's work possesses many elements that have the potential of developing into a full-fledged novel or even a masterpiece. As mentioned previously, it has a well-built, balanced structure. Literary symbols have been put to good use. The many ironies and paradoxes in the story make the plot intriguing to the point of being bewildering. It is exactly the bewilderment, the puzzling nature of life that captivates the reader and provokes her/him to think.

       In the writer's scheme, I believe, Mei Chun has to die in the end. For many reasons, Mei and Chen's love was strictly prohibited despite their mutual attraction. It only became possible when, for a short period of time, all the ruling forces were pulled out and Chen became the temporary ruler of the emptied military camp. Mei put on a pretty dress and loved Chen as an equal.  That chapter is named "Paradise" not without reason.

       Ironically, their love is doomed from the very beginning because it will find no blessing outside the temporary and, in fact, illusionary paradise. Returning to Chen's home together would perhaps be the beginning of more tragedies for Mei. Building a life in defeated Japan with the crippled schizophrenic captain would be equally humiliating for Mei as an ex-comfort woman. To survive in either place would mean surrendering her dignity.

       A brave and smart young woman sold into slavery by her close relative, Mei first tried to protect her dignity by going on a hunger strike when the nursing job she expected turned out to be prostituting. Then refusing to return to prostitution after she had a chance to work as the doctor's assistant, she threatened to kill herself with a knife. In a worn military uniform, she worked harder than any man in the effort of saving lives and won herself respect.  Mei survived hell but was cheated by the illusions of paradise.

       Desperate love for a undeserving man has taken the lives of many literary heroines: Madame Bovary, Anna Karonina and Madame Butterfly, to name the best-known few. Chen, the well-educated gynecologist, set his mind on returning home to resume his business and family life, which included an imagined son. Absent-minded, he failed to notice Mei's symptoms of pregnancy and rudely brushed away her appeal for not leaving the island (abandoning the paradise). In contrast, Chen's assistant, the aboriginal fisherman, less-educated but enjoying more freedom in life, was much more caring and sensitive. He discovered Mei's embarrassing pregnancy and felt for her. Furthermore, he made the choice of staying on the island to build a family with a local woman who happened to be pregnant at the same time.

       Mei did not want to die. But she had no "lakes and rivers" to return to when the paradise was lost.

       Fate did not offer Mei many choices (in the setting of the mid-20th century), did it?

       (And that is why we needed a feminist revolution. For your information, this last statement is made over the objection of Pei-yuan, my husband. And it proves that the movement still has a long way to go.)